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''Sevastopol'' ((ロシア語:''Севастополь'')) was the first ship completed of the s of the Imperial Russian Navy, built before World War I. The ''Gangut''s were the first class of Russian dreadnoughts. She was named after the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War. She was completed during the winter of 1914–15, but was not ready for combat until mid-1915. Her role was to defend the mouth of the Gulf of Finland against the Germans, who never tried to enter, so she spent her time training and providing cover for minelaying operations. Her crew joined the general mutiny of the Baltic Fleet after the February Revolution and joined the Bolsheviks later that year. She was laid up in 1918 for lack of manpower, but her crew joined the Kronstadt Rebellion of 1921. She was renamed ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' after the rebellion was crushed to commemorate the Paris Commune and to erase the ship's 'betrayal' of the Communist Party. She was recommissioned in 1925, and refitted in 1928 in preparation for her transfer to the Black Sea the following year. ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' and the cruiser ''Profintern'' ran into a severe storm in the Bay of Biscay that severely damaged ''Parizhskaya Kommuna''s false bow. They had to put into Brest for repairs, but reached Sevastopol in January 1930. ''Parizhskaya Kommuna'' was comprehensively reconstructed in two stages during the 1930s that replaced her boilers, upgraded her guns, augmented her anti-aircraft armament, modernized her fire-control systems and gave her anti-torpedo bulges. During World War II she provided gunfire support during the Siege of Sevastopol and related operations until she was withdrawn from combat in April 1942 when the risk from German aerial attack became too great. She was retained on active duty after the war until she became a training ship in 1954. She was broken up in 1956–57. ==Design== ''Sevastopol'' was long at the waterline and long overall. She had a beam of and a draft of , more than designed. Her displacement was at load, over more than her designed displacement of .〔McLaughlin, p. 207〕 ''Sevastopol''s machinery was built by the Baltic Works. Ten Parsons-type steam turbines drove the four propellers. The engine rooms were located between turrets three and four in three transverse compartments. The outer compartments each had a high-pressure ahead and reverse turbine for each wing propeller shaft. The central engine room had two each low-pressure ahead and astern turbines as well as two cruising turbines driving the two center shafts. The engines had a total designed output of , but they produced during her sister 's full-speed trials on 21 November 1915 and gave a top speed of . Twenty-five Yarrow Admiralty-type small-tube boilers provided steam to the engines at a designed working pressure of . Each boiler was fitted with Thornycroft oil sprayers for mixed oil/coal burning. They were arranged in two groups. The forward group consisted of two boiler rooms in front of the second turret, the foremost of which had three boilers while the second one had six. The rear group was between the second and third turrets and comprised two compartments, each with eight boilers. At full load she carried of coal and of fuel oil and that provided her a range of at a speed of .〔McLaughlin, pp. 208, 224–25〕 Her main armament consisted of a dozen 52-caliber guns mounted in four triple turrets distributed the length of the ship. The Russians did not believe that superfiring turrets offered any advantage as they discounted the value of axial fire and believed that superfiring turrets could not fire while over the lower turret because of muzzle blast problems. They also believed that distributing the turrets, and their associated magazines, over the length of the ship improved the survivability of the ship. Sixteen 50-caliber Pattern 1905 guns were mounted in casemates to defend the ship against torpedo boats. She completed with two 30-caliber ''Lender'' anti-aircraft (AA) guns mounted on the quarterdeck. Other AA guns were probably added during the course of World War I, but details are lacking,〔McLaughlin, pp. 220–21〕 although Conway's says that four were added to the roofs of the end turrets during the war.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 303〕 Four submerged torpedo tubes were mounted with three torpedoes for each tube.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian battleship Sevastopol (1911)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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